Terminology Guide
Language matters. This guide clarifies terms commonly used in land defence and treaty rights contexts.
Indigenous — umbrella term for First Nations, Métis, and Inuit peoples in Canada. Prefer specific Nation names when known.
Unceded — territory never sold or surrendered by treaty. Much of BC is unceded.
Aboriginal title — legal recognition of Indigenous land rights (Delgamuukw, Tsilhqot'in). Distinct from fee simple ownership.
Moderate livelihood — Marshall decision term for Mi'kmaw treaty right to earn a living from fishing.
IPCA — Indigenous Protected and Conserved Area; Nation-led conservation.
FPIC — Free, Prior and Informed Consent.
Land Back — restoration of lands and governance to Indigenous Nations.